Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), characterized by fatigue and dyspnea, is a common progressive neurological disease [
,
]. A prevalence of 4.3–10.5% was reported in the US [
In Korea, the incidence of CFS is increasing at the age of 70–80 years [
Currently, there is an urgent need for an effective and safe treatment of CFS [
The prevalence of CFS in the age group of 15–65 years, age group <40 years, and age group >40 years has been reported to be higher than that of the age group of 70–80 years [
This article reviews the epidemiology, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of CFS in Korea.
A 71-year-old man presented with a 14-day history of severe fatigue and dyspnea. He was a healthy, healthy, healthy, and upright person with no significant family history of the disease. His medical history included hypertension, hypertension, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and smoking.
The patient was also a man with chronic liver disease, and the patient’s medical history included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.
He presented with fatigue on day 3 and dyspnea on day 5, which was consistent with CFS. He had a history of CFS for several years. His clinical laboratory tests including ALT and AST were within normal ranges and did not show the normal range of ALT or AST levels. The patient also reported significant dyspnea symptoms on day 10.
The patient was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea. He showed fatigue on day 5 of the admission. On the other hand, he was also admitted to the hospital with fatigue and dyspnea on day 5 of the admission.
A diagnosis of CFS was made on the basis of the results of the clinical and laboratory investigations. The patient was treated with oral fluoxetine (Crestor, Lilly ICIUS) and rosuvastatin (Crestor-RX, Lilly ICIUS), which were effective in improving his fatigue and dyspnea. The total daily dose of rosuvastatin was 5.6–9.6 mg/day, which was effective in reducing his fatigue.
After the clinical and laboratory investigations, the patient was started on rosuvastatin as the starting dose, and the dose was gradually increased to 100 mg daily for 10–14 days. The patient was discharged on the day of the end of rosuvastatin treatment.
The patient was discharged on the day of his second admission. The total daily dose of rosuvastatin was 1.2–1.7 mg/day and the total daily dose of rosuvastatin was 2.6–1.5 mg/day. The patient was also discharged on the day of his third admission.
After the clinical and laboratory investigations, the patient was treated with rosuvastatin as the starting dose, and the dose was gradually increased to 1.2 mg/day. The total daily dose of rosuvastatin was 1.1–1.4 mg/day. The total daily dose of rosuvastatin was 2.5–1.5 mg/day.
The patient was discharged on the day of his last admission.
The patient was hospitalized for the second admission with dyspnea, fatigue, and headache. The patient did not feel better. After the clinical and laboratory investigations, the patient was treated with rosuvastatin as the starting dose. The dose of rosuvastatin was increased to 5 mg daily, and the dose was continued as the starting dose. The dose of rosuvastatin was increased to 40 mg daily.
The patient was discharged on the second day of the hospitalization.
CFS is a progressive neurological disorder that affects a substantial proportion of people worldwide, especially in older age groups. The main symptoms of CFS are fatigue, dyspnea, and dysarthria, which are the most common symptoms in the elderly population [
Crestor, a cholesterol-lowering drug, is primarily prescribed for patients with hyperlipidemia. It is approved for use in patients aged 18 to 64 years with hyperlipidemia, as well as for patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Statin therapy is recommended in patients who have failed statin therapy. Statin therapy can improve lipid levels in the blood, reduce hyperlipidemia, and alleviate the symptoms associated with hypercholesterolemia.
Rosuvastatin (Crestor) belongs to the statin drug class, and acts through a mechanism of inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes. It inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for inflammation, pain, and fever. Prostaglandins stimulate the synthesis and release of the inflammatory mediators in the body, which are essential for the body's response to injury and infection. By inhibiting COX-2, rosuvastatin reduces the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, leading to enhanced inflammation and pain, resulting in reduced cholesterol levels, impaired lipid profiles, and reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Rosuvastatin is a lipophilic compound that can be incorporated into cells and administered directly into cells. It has a narrow therapeutic window, and it is effective for patients who have a history of cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, or dyslipidemia. The pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in humans and animal studies suggest that the drug may have a similar pharmacological profile as the traditional cholesterol-lowering medication statin.
Rosuvastatin is a compound with pharmacodynamic activity. It inhibits COX-2, leading to the accumulation of catecholamines in the body, which can result in increased inflammation and pain. This leads to increased plasma concentrations and reduced levels of cholesterol and fatty acids, which are beneficial in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. By reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and the release of fatty acids, rosuvastatin can reduce the lipid levels and reduce the severity of cholesterol disorders.
Rosuvastatin is well absorbed and eliminated rapidly. The half-life is approximately 4 to 5 hours. The half-life of rosuvastatin is similar to that of the statin, but the plasma concentration may be slightly higher in patients who have a higher level of statin exposure. Rosuvastatin is well absorbed into the bloodstream and is eliminated primarily as triglycerides and water, which are important for the absorption of the drug in the body. Rosuvastatin is rapidly and distributed throughout the body. The half-life of rosuvastatin is approximately 10 to 12 hours.
Rosuvastatin is considered an effective drug for primary hypercholesterolemia. In patients with hypercholesterolemia, rosuvastatin can be used for patients who have failed statin therapy. It is recommended in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia to use rosuvastatin as directed. The pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in adults with hypercholesterolemia are similar to those in adults with primary hypercholesterolemia.
Rosuvastatin is well tolerated. Patients may experience gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Rosuvastatin is well tolerated, and it is not commonly reported among the common adverse effects. However, some patients may experience headaches or dry mouth. Rare but serious adverse effects such as cardiac arrest have been reported with rosuvastatin, including cardiac arrhythmias, life-threatening arrhythmias (i.e., sudden death or cardiac ischemia), and stroke.
Rosuvastatin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin, other statins, or any component of the drug.
Patients with liver disease and known hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin should not use rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin can increase the risk of developing drug-induced liver injury, which is associated with reduced liver enzyme activity. Patients with severe hepatic impairment should not use rosuvastatin.
AstraZeneca’s strategy to lose its patent protection for cholesterol-lowering drugs such as Crestor has been a blow to the world’s biggest drugmaker, whose stock has been sitting for several months.
The company has been trying to find an innovative strategy to fight the cholesterol-lowering drugs.
But it is having trouble with the patent-holder drug, Crestor, which has been losing patent protection for several years.
Crestor lost patent protection on August 1 to AstraZeneca, which sells the drug for about $4 billion a year.
The drug has been in use since the 1950s, and the company has already applied to the United States Food & Drug Administration to help it.
The patent for Crestor expired in 2011, but the company has not applied to the FDA for permission to use the drug for the market.
The patent on the drug expires on August 1. But the company has already applied for permission.
“Our strategy to retain the patent in this way is going to keep the market and we are in the process of looking for a way to retain it,” said Michael J. Rosen, chairman of the board of directors of AstraZeneca. “This is a significant step in trying to retain our position in the market.”
The strategy was to apply to the United States FDA, and a few weeks ago the company started marketing Crestor as an oral treatment for high cholesterol.
“This is an important opportunity that the company can have to have to have an impact,” said Rosen.
Rosen said that the company had been working with AstraZeneca for about a year, but it was unlikely to win an approval to use the drug.
AstraZeneca has been working on a strategic plan that could help it retain the drug, even if it can only use the drug for a few months to sell a single product.
The company will also have to create an advertising strategy for Crestor, but it will have to prove to AstraZeneca that the drug is safe, and that it can be made available in certain markets.
“The question is whether the company has enough money to continue to retain the patent,” Rosen said.
“If it wins the patent, it will help the company continue to be successful and stay on the ground.
“We have a long history of success with our strategy and we have the ability to continue to be successful with our strategy,” he said.
In a statement, AstraZeneca said: “We are very excited about the potential to continue to hold onto our position in the cholesterol market.”
Crestor sales have been declining since the late 1990s, with a sales of $3.9 billion, according to data from IQVIA, a research firm that tracks the prices of prescription drugs. Crestor has lost patent protection in 2011, when the patent was expiring.Crestor’s patent has been in force since it became available for marketing in 2005. But some other companies have been granted permission to use the drug, such as AstraZeneca’s Xarelto.
“We have a long history of success with our strategy and we have the ability to continue to be successful with our strategy,” said Rosen.
In December, the US drug giant filed an application with the FDA to allow the company to develop a new cholesterol-lowering drug, called Crestor, for approval.
The FDA approval will allow the company to market the drug in several markets. However, the company will need permission from the FDA to use the drug, which would mean a different patent to Crestor for the same drug.
Rosen said the company would be able to develop the new drug in a specific market and would be able to make a marketing contribution to the company.
Rosen said it is a very difficult thing for a drug company to achieve and continue to grow, as it would take years to build a business in a new way. But he said the company is in a long-term position to succeed.
“We’re trying to do better. We’re trying to continue to grow,” said Rosen.
“We have a long history of success with our strategy and we have the ability to continue to be successful with our strategy.”
AstraZeneca shares rose 2.4 percent to $29.Sold and Supplied by Healthylife Pharmacy
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